Dermatitis (Eczema)Overview, FAQs |
Physician-developed and -monitored. Original Date of Publication: 01 Sep 2000
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Original Source: http://www.dermatologychannel.net/dermatitis/index.shtml | |
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Overview
The terms eczema and dermatitis describe a reaction pattern of skin disorders with a variety of common characteristics. The acute disease typically is characterized by inflammation, redness, swelling, and itching, as well as some blistering and oozing. Skin biopsies show inflammatory cells and swelling.
When dermatitis becomes subacute, the intense reaction becomes milder, and the blisters begin to heal. Crusts and scale are common at this time.
Chronic dermatitis is identified by thickened, leathery skin with excess ridges, as well as dark and dull skin. Under the microscope, the outermost (epidermal) skin layer is seen to proliferate and become elongated.
Types of dermatitis include the following:
- Atopic dermatitis is an inherited condition characterized by dry, sensitive, itchy skin. Infants and children are most affected, and the disorder can continue into adulthood.
- Contact dermatitis is caused by an irritation or an allergy and occurs on areas of the skin that have come in contact with the identified substance. These reactions can be sudden and severe, such as with poison oak or poison ivy, or more insidious and chronic, such as from repeated exposure to harsh soaps or chemicals.
- Seborrheic dermatitis is a fairly common condition seen mostly in adults and has a tendency to affect men more than women. The disease has a natural waxing and waning course. The cause is unknown.
- Nummular dermatitis usually appears as stubborn, coin-shaped eczema plaques on the legs. It may be related to skin dryness, and moisturizers seem to help relieve the condition.
Q: My child has sensitive skin and gets rashes easily with bubble baths and wool clothing. What can I do to prevent this?
A: Your child may have mild atopic dermatitis. It occurs most frequently in families with a history of eczema, allergies, and asthma. This disorder is characterized by dry, sensitive, itchy skin. Mild soaps, cotton clothing, and moisturizers help minimize flare-ups. In severe cases, prescription medications may be necessary.
Q: I was diagnosed with poison ivy, although I have not been exposed for at least 2 weeks. Is this possible?
A: Yes. It can take up to 3 weeks after exposure for the typical allergic reaction to poison ivy to appear.
Q: I was treated for severe poison oak with prednisone for a week. When I stopped, the rash and itching returned. What went wrong?
A: The allergic reaction that follows contact with poison oak, ivy, or sumac can last up to 3 weeks, despite bathing and laundering the contaminated clothing. For severe outbreaks, oral corticosteroids are prescribed. Treatment may need to continue for 3 weeks, until the body's internal reaction has subsided.
Q: My child has atopic dermatitis. Should he avoid certain foods?
A: Food allergies have been linked to atopic dermatitis in only about 10 percent to 15 percent of cases. The most common sensitivities are to eggs, milk, soy, wheat, nuts, and fish. If you suspect a food allergy, your pediatrician or dermatologist can help you eliminate various items from your child's diet to confirm your suspicion. Allergy tests are infrequently done.
Q: My seborrheic dermatitis flares up when I am under stress. Is this common?
A: Yes, some people experience flare-ups during stressful times. In addition to getting adequate rest and nutrition, you may want to switch to dandruff shampoos and use a prescribed antifungal cream. Mild cortisone creams help minimize the flare-ups but should not be used for long periods of time.
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